Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing

We investigated whether the accuracy of grammatical morphemes in second language (L2) learners’ writing is associated with usage-based distributional factors. Specifically, we examined L2 English inflectional availability (i.e., token frequency) and contingency frequency relative to other forms same lemma) inflected word form as well formulaicity context which it occurs predictability given surrounding words). Data drawn from a large-scale learner corpus indicated that robust predictor morpheme accuracy, thereby supporting view learners are sensitive properties their input. Furthermore, relationship does not necessarily lessen when proficiency rises. Contrary previous research investigating online processing, did identify our study predictors production writing.